Literature Notes

• Systemic, interwoven and complex issues exist around SEND - especially resource allocation, the EHCP process and specialist provision.
• These recommendations focus on universal practice in all classrooms - a good guide for all GYPA staff which supplements but doesn't supplant individual adaptations.
• Universal good practice make space for specialised resources to more effectively target students with complex and specific needs.

Embrace Cognitive Similarity

• There is more similarity between how different children learn than difference. Focus on these shared mechanisms allows us to teach well for the widest possible range of students.
• Moving from a lens of individual deficits to shared needs.
• We must have:
  • shared values
  • aligned practices
  • positive relationships
  • norms that embrace diversity
  • safe and predictable classrooms
• Assistive technology and specialised interventions exist to allow pupils to access good teaching.

Prioritise High-Impact Core Instruction

• The quality of everyday, whole-class instruction has a disproportionately large positive impact on pupils with additional needs.
• All pupils benefit from good teaching, those who find learning more difficult gain even more.
• e.g. providing specific instructions helps all but is vital for those who might become confused and lose focus.
• HQT is not just 'good for everyone' it is essential for enabling students with SEND to access the curriculum
• SEND Code of Practice: "additional intervention and support cannot compensate for a lack of good quality teaching" (DfE, 2015)

Make Lessons Accessible by Default

• Lessons, resources and the physical learning environment should be inherently usable and understandable for the widest range of students.
• Accessible lessons are:
  • Perceivable - using clear sans-serif fonts, high contrast between test and background, uncluttered layouts, reduced visual stimuli.
  • Understandable - use clear language, clearly defined vocabulary, broken down instructions, models and examples and clear structure.
  • Doable - ensure manageable tasks - e.g. providing scaffolding, allowing sufficient processing time.
• Accessible Design poster from Evidence Snacks https://snacks.pepsmccrea.com/p/accessible-by-default